Pakistan is trying to integrate “the most dangerous place” on the ground. It is a failure.

The rugged borders in northwestern Pakistan have always enjoyed a good reputation in chaos and militancy, which President Barack Obama holds as “The most dangerous place in the world.”

The Pakistani government, which faces global scrutiny, moved on the presence of groups related to al -Qaeda and Talaban, in 2018 to reform the powerful judgment in the semi -wealthy region. He – she Merge What was known as the tribal regions managed in federalism in the prevailing political and legal framework in the country, which undertakes economic progress and reducing violence.

Today, many sees in the area failure.

A A wave renewed terrorismEspecially after the Taliban returned to power in Afghanistan in 2021, a lot of progress faded towards stability. The attacks increased sharply in Pakistan, with more than 1,000 deaths throughout the country last year, up from 250 in 2019, according to the Institute of Economics and Peace, an international research center. The group ranks Pakistan as one of the most affected countries of terrorism, second after Burkina Faso in Africa.

The problems of the region can be returned to laws in the harsh colonial era, which was valid for more than a century and was supposed to control the population, not to serve them. The mysterious legal status of tribal areas and its proximity to Afghanistan made them geopolitical beyond.

Experts say that integrating the backward area into a neighboring province did not solve deep -rooted issues. The deterioration of the law and the system there is another major challenge to a nation of 250 million people who wrestle with economic instability and political turmoil.

Tribal wise and Islamic parties now extend to the point of defending the integration. This is also a fundamental goal for one of the largest sources of insecurity in the region: the Pakistani Taliban, who launched an uncompromising attack on the security forces in a campaign aimed at overthrowing the government and creating an Islamic confusion.

Nour Islam Safi, an activist from Muhammad, one of seven regions in the tribal areas of the British era, said that Pakistan leaders “promised development, peace, jobs and just justice system-all that has been denied decades ago.”

“The promises were empty.” “All we have given is negligence, high violence, and a growing feeling of despair.”

The previous tribal region, which covers about 10,000 square miles – was less than 5 percent of the Earth’s mass in Pakistan – a home for more than five million people, for a long time a flagrant slogan for terrorism, repression and neglect.

In 1901, the British imposed the harsh borders laws to suppress the resistance and the temporary store against Russian expansion. Pakistan inherited these regulations at birth in 1947.

The people of the region were deprived of basic rights and were excluded from national governance; They did not give the right to vote in the Pakistani elections until 1997. The residents lived at a constant threat of arbitrary detention and the absence of fair trials. The collective punishment was common. The entire societies have suffered for the actions of one individual, facing imprisonment, fines, destruction of property and exile.

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan In 1979, the region turned a landing land of the United States -backed Islamic fighters, the Arab countries and Pakistan who were fighting Moscow forces.

“This border area has long been a geopolitical chess, as the aspirations of colonial and post -colonial powers sought to do so It affects Afghanistan and reshapes global political geography Sartag Khan, a researcher in Karachi, Pakistan, said with extensive experience in the northwest of the country, at the expense of local communities.

After the Soviet withdrawal in 1989, the region descended into chaos, becoming a center for fugitives, criminal networks, smugglers of weapons, drugs, and kidnappers demanding ransom.

The region became a hard -line stronghold after September 11, 2001, attacks on New York and Pentagon, as US military operations in Afghanistan pushed Taliban fighters and Al Qaeda to tribal areas.

Groups such as Tehreek-E-Taliban Pakistan, also known as TTP or Pakistani Taliban, have moved to prove control. Such groups presented the primitive judgment while intimidating them and killing the tribal elderly who led their rule.

Over time, TTP expanded its terrorist network outside the border, carrying out attacks throughout Pakistan, including in major cities such as KarachiEven at the international level, especially in New York, with Try to bomb Times Square In 2010.

After a Extensive In tribal areas, the army declared victory over TTP in 2018. That year, the Pakistani parliament canceled the laws of the colonial era and integrate the region with the neighboring Dakhbir Bakhtonguhuh Province.

But the gaps in the integration process, as political analysts and leaders, left the area vulnerable to the region when the Taliban is Return. The Taliban’s return gave TTP reserves across the border in Afghanistan and access to advanced weapons that have been seized yet The collapse of the Afghan government backed by the United States.

This allowed the Pakistani Taliban to escalate attacks in the previous tribal areas. Since mid -2011, the majority of the increasing terrorist attacks in Pakistan have occurred in Khyber Bakhtongua, with a great concentration in the previous seven tribal areas, most notably northern Waziristan and southern Waziristan.

TTP killed 16 Pakistani soldiers in South Waziristan in December, Pakistan responded with them An air strike inside AfghanistanIncreasing tensions with Taliban rulers in Kabul.

In the Kawram area, 50 miles southeast of Kabul, Sectarian violence The exacerbation of land disputes led to more than 230 deaths last year. The closure of roads by the warring tribes kept the residents trapped in a cycle of violence.

In the far north along the Afghan border, in the Bagour region, 34 attacks were recorded in 2024, which were carried out primarily by The Islamic State, Khwasan, or Isis K.The local branch of the Islamic State, which constitute global security risks.

In other regions, TTP and local allied groups are controlled, as they blackmail money from merchants.

The new legal frameworks in the previous tribal areas remain largely not clear due to insufficient administrative capacity and insufficient numbers of official police officers. While the region promised $ 563 million to finance annual development, Pakistan’s economic struggles It caused a shortage. Many basic services are still backward or dispensed.

A sudden merger, instead of a gradual and comprehensive process, said in replacing the governance system that works for more than a century. Ahmed Shinwari dishDevelopment expert with extensive experience in the region.

While police officers were recruited and founded stations, the semi -unified police, which consist of illiterate members representing their tribes, struggled to move to an official structure, making them vulnerable to armed attacks. The courts are located in some places, but officials in many regions say that security concerns prevented them from building a judicial infrastructure, forcing the residents to travel long distances for justice.

As part of the discrimination of the Trump administration of global aid, The main initiatives in the previous tribal areasIncluding regulating land settlement and infrastructure improvements.

Initially, the region’s merger obtained widespread support among the population who are eager for equal citizenship, but a great resistance to the changes that followed. The replacement of the outdated tribal police and Jirgas, or the councils of tribal elders led to deep concerns about the way of life for centuries.

“We have Girgas to solve cases in months, sometimes days, but the direct judiciary in Pakistan takes years,” said Shiraz Ahmed, a resident of a remote village.

While some groups in the previous tribal areas call for the opposite of the integration, analysts said that doing so can hand over the region to militant groups.